Cube Limited of Douglas, Isle of Man, United Kingdom, has been enforcing its “188” trademark quite aggressively, by filing massive UDRP cases against domain holders.
As we reported in the past, “188 domains” – domain names that contain the string “188” – are being targeted en masse, as they infringe on the Complainant’s trademarks related to casino and gambling.
This time around a huge UDRP involves a total of 496 domain names, that contain “188” and “JBB” – another trademark the Complainant owns. This has to be the biggest single UDRP decision in terms of the number of domains involved!
Here’s the complete domain list, followed by the UDRP decision details:
z188.net
jbb188.win
jbb188.com
ee188.com
ball188.com
am188.com
a188188.com
949188.com
5i188.com
50188.net
188zz.net
188zz.com
188win.cc
188wap.com
188vv.com
188tw.com
188star.com
188star.cc
188sportbet.com
188oo.com
188jituan.com
188jinbaobo666.com
188jbb88.com
188jbb.cc
188ii.com
188i.net
188i.cc
188hh.net
188hh.club
188guoji.com
188group.com
188gouji.net
188gouji.com
188gj.net
188gj.com
188gg.net
188gg.com
188gameapp.com
188game8.com
188g188.net
188g188.com
188fun.co
188fifa.net
188fifa.com
188fifa.cc
188fff.com
188f188.net
188f188.com
188e188.net
188e188.com
188ducheng.net
188ducheng.com
188duchang.net
188duchang.com
188detk.com
188ddd.com
188daili.com
188d188.net
188d188.com
188city.com
188c188.net
188c188.com
188betzq.com
188betv.com
188betq.com
188betj.com
188beting.com
188betgw.com
188beter.com
188betb.com
188bet685.com
188bet2.com
188bet1.com
188bbb.com
188balls.com
188ball.net
188ball.com
188b188.net
188b188.com
188auto.com
188abet.com
188aa.net
188aa.cc
188a188.net
188a188.com
188934.net
188934.com
188934.cc
188804.com
188772.net
188772.com
188772.cc
188752.com
188750.com
188730.net
188730.com
188730.cc
188720.net
188720.com
188720.cc
188690.com
188690.cc
188570.com
188540.com
188348.net
188348.com
188188b.com
188154.com
188079.com
188055.com
188044.com
1880209.com
1880207.com
1880206.com
1880205.com
1880204.com
1880203.com
1880201.com
188019.com
188015.net
188015.com
188013.net
188013.com
1880110.com
1880109.com
1880107.com
1880106.com
1880105.com
1880104.com
1880103.com
1880102.com
1880101.com
188008.net
188004.net
188003.info
188003.com
188002.net
188002.com
188002.cc
1880019.com
188001.net
188001.com
188001.cc
188-jinbaobo.com
betjbb.com
jbb001.cc
jbb001.com
jbb001.net
jbb002.com
jbb003.com
jbb007.cc
jbb007.com
jbb007.net
jbb08.cc
jbb08.com
jbb08.net
jbb08.org
jbb08.win
jbb1000.com
jbb11.cc
jbb11.com
jbb11.info
jbb11.net
jbb11.win
jbb11.xyz
jbb120.cc
jbb120.com
jbb120.info
jbb120.net
jbb120.win
jbb13.cc
jbb13.com
jbb13.info
jbb13.net
jbb14.cc
jbb14.com
jbb14.net
jbb15.cc
jbb15.com
jbb15.net
jbb15.top
jbb15.win
jbb15.xyz
jbb17.cc
jbb17.com
jbb17.net
jbb19.cc
jbb19.com
jbb19.net
jbb200.cc
jbb200.com
jbb200.info
jbb200.net
jbb200.win
jbb21.cc
jbb21.com
jbb21.net
jbb22.cc
jbb22.com
jbb22.info
jbb22.net
jbb22.win
jbb22.xyz
jbb222.cc
jbb222.com
jbb222.win
jbb23.cc
jbb23.com
jbb23.net
jbb23.top
jbb23.win
jbb23.xyz
jbb24.cc
jbb24.com
jbb24.net
jbb24.top
jbb24.win
jbb24.xyz
jbb25.cc
jbb25.com
jbb25.info
jbb25.net
jbb25.win
jbb27.cc
jbb27.com
jbb27.info
jbb27.net
jbb27.win
jbb29.cc
jbb29.com
jbb29.net
jbb29.top
jbb29.win
jbb29.xyz
jbb300.cc
jbb300.com
jbb300.info
jbb300.net
jbb300.win
jbb301.cc
jbb301.com
jbb301.net
jbb302.cc
jbb302.com
jbb302.net
jbb303.cc
jbb303.com
jbb303.net
jbb304.cc
jbb304.com
jbb304.net
jbb305.cc
jbb305.com
jbb305.net
jbb306.cc
jbb306.com
jbb306.net
jbb307.cc
jbb307.com
jbb307.net
jbb308.cc
jbb308.com
jbb308.net
jbb309.cc
jbb309.com
jbb309.net
jbb31.cc
jbb31.com
jbb31.net
jbb31.top
jbb31.win
jbb31.xyz
jbb32.cc
jbb32.com
jbb32.net
jbb33.bid
jbb33.cc
jbb33.com
jbb33.info
jbb33.net
jbb33.win
jbb34.cc
jbb34.com
jbb34.info
jbb34.net
jbb34.win
jbb35.com
jbb35.net
jbb40.cc
jbb40.com
jbb40.info
jbb40.net
jbb40.win
jbb400.cc
jbb400.com
jbb400.info
jbb400.net
jbb400.win
jbb41.cc
jbb41.com
jbb41.net
jbb41.top
jbb41.win
jbb41.xyz
jbb42.cc
jbb42.com
jbb42.net
jbb43.cc
jbb43.com
jbb43.net
jbb43.top
jbb43.win
jbb43.xyz
jbb44.cc
jbb44.com
jbb44.info
jbb44.net
jbb44.win
jbb44.xyz
jbb45.cc
jbb45.com
jbb45.net
jbb46.cc
jbb46.com
jbb46.net
jbb47.com
jbb47.net
jbb49.cc
jbb49.com
jbb49.net
jbb50.com
jbb500.com
jbb501.com
jbb502.com
jbb503.com
jbb504.com
jbb505.com
jbb506.com
jbb507.com
jbb508.com
jbb509.com
jbb52.com
jbb52.net
jbb53.com
jbb53.net
jbb54.cc
jbb54.com
jbb54.info
jbb54.net
jbb54.win
jbb55.com
jbb55.info
jbb55.net
jbb55.win
jbb55.xyz
jbb57.com
jbb57.net
jbb58.com
jbb58.net
jbb59.com
jbb60.com
jbb60.net
jbb600.cc
jbb600.com
jbb600.info
jbb600.net
jbb600.win
jbb61.cc
jbb61.com
jbb61.info
jbb61.net
jbb61.org
jbb61.win
jbb61.xyz
jbb62.com
jbb62.net
jbb63.com
jbb63.net
jbb64.cc
jbb64.com
jbb64.info
jbb64.net
jbb64.win
jbb65.com
jbb65.net
jbb67.cc
jbb67.com
jbb67.net
jbb70.com
jbb70.net
jbb700.cc
jbb700.com
jbb700.info
jbb700.net
jbb700.win
jbb71.cc
jbb71.com
jbb71.net
jbb72.com
jbb72.net
jbb73.cc
jbb73.com
jbb73.net
jbb74.com
jbb74.info
jbb74.net
jbb74.win
jbb75.cc
jbb75.com
jbb75.net
jbb76.cc
jbb76.com
jbb76.net
jbb79.cc
jbb79.com
jbb79.info
jbb79.net
jbb79.win
jbb81.com
jbb81.info
jbb81.net
jbb81.win
jbb82.cc
jbb82.com
jbb82.net
jbb82.top
jbb82.win
jbb82.xyz
jbb83.cc
jbb83.com
jbb83.net
jbb84.cc
jbb84.com
jbb84.net
jbb85.cc
jbb85.com
jbb85.net
jbb86.com
jbb87.cc
jbb87.com
jbb87.net
jbb87.top
jbb87.win
jbb900.com
jbb900.net
jbb901.com
jbb901.net
jbb902.com
jbb902.net
jbb903.com
jbb903.net
jbb904.com
jbb904.net
jbb905.com
jbb905.net
jbb906.com
jbb906.net
jbb907.com
jbb907.net
jbb908.com
jbb908.net
jbb909.com
jbb909.net
jbb91.cc
jbb91.com
jbb91.info
jbb91.net
jbb91.win
jbb92.cc
jbb92.com
jbb92.net
jbb92.win
jbb92.xyz
jbb93.cc
jbb93.com
jbb93.net
jbb94.cc
jbb94.com
jbb94.net
jbb95.cc
jbb95.com
jbb95.net
jbb96.cc
jbb96.com
jbb96.info
jbb96.net
jbb96.win
jbb97.cc
jbb97.com
jbb97.net
jbb988.cc
jbb988.com
jbb99.com
jbb99.net
jbbvip.cc
jbbvip.com
Cube Limited v. Domain Administrator / Super Privacy Service LTD c/o Dynadot / xinping wang / chongqing huang / lihong chen / ribiao xie
Case No. D2019-29011. The Parties
The Complainant is Cube Limited, United Kingdom, represented by Farrer & Co., United Kingdom.
The Respondents are Domain Administrator, United States of America (“United States”) / xinping wang, China / chongqing huang, China / lihong chen, China / ribiao xie, China / Super Privacy Service LTD c/o Dynadot, United States.
2. The Domain Names and Registrars
The disputed domain names:
<188002.com>, <1880101.com>, <188013.com>, <188015.com>, <188019.com>, <188044.com>, <188055.com>, <188079.com>, <188154.com>, <188540.com>, <188570.com>, <188690.com>, <188720.com>, <188730.com>, <188750.com>, <188772.com>, <188348.com>, <949188.com>, <188001.net>, <188002.net>, <188008.net>, <188013.net>, <188015.net>, <188720.net>, <188730.net>, <188772.net>, <188348.net>, <50188.net>, <188001.cc>, <188002.cc>, <188690.cc>, <188720.cc>, <188730.cc>, <188772.cc>, <188934.cc>, <188003.info>, <a188188.com>, <am188.com>, <188auto.com>, <188188b.com>, <188balls.com>, <188bbb.com>, <ball188.com>, <188city.com>, <188daili.com>, <188ddd.com>, <188detk.com>, <ee188.com>, <188fff.com>, <188fifa.com>, <188gameapp.com>, <188gg.com>, <188gj.com>, <188gouji.com>, <188group.com>, <188guoji.com>, <188ii.com>, <188jituan.com>, <188oo.com>, <188sportbet.com>, <188tw.com>, <188vv.com>, <188wap.com>, <5i188.com>, <188aa.net>, <188ball.net>, <188hh.net>, <188i.net>, <z188.net>, <188aa.cc>, <188win.cc>, <188i.cc>, <188hh.club>, <188bet1.com>, <188bet2.com>, <188bet685.com>, <188betb.com>, <188beter.com>, <188beting.com>, <188betgw.com>, <188betj.com>, <188betq.com>, <188betv.com>, <188betzq.com>, <188abet.com>, <jbb001.com>, <jbb002.com>, <jbb003.com>, <jbb007.com>, <jbb11.com>, <jbb13.com>, <jbb14.com>, <jbb15.com>, <jbb17.com>, <jbb19.com>, <jbb21.com>, <jbb22.com>, <jbb23.com>, <jbb24.com>, <jbb25.com>, <jbb27.com>, <jbb29.com>, <jbb31.com>, <jbb32.com>, <jbb34.com>, <jbb35.com>, <jbb41.com>, <jbb42.com>, <jbb43.com>, <jbb44.com>, <jbb45.com>, <jbb46.com>, <jbb47.com>, <jbb49.com>, <jbb55.com>, <jbb61.com>, <jbb67.com>, <jbb71.com>, <jbb72.com>, <jbb73.com>, <jbb74.com>, <jbb75.com>, <jbb76.com>, <jbb79.com>, <jbb81.com>, <jbb82.com>, <jbb83.com>, <jbb84.com>, <jbb85.com>, <jbb87.com>, <jbb91.com>, <jbb92.com>, <jbb93.com>, <jbb94.com>, <jbb95.com>, <jbb96.com>, <jbb97.com>, <jbb99.com>, <jbb120.com>, <jbb222.com>, <jbb988.com>, <jbb1000.com>, <betjbb.com>, <jbb08.win>, <jbb11.win>, <jbb15.win>, <jbb22.win>, <jbb23.win>, <jbb24.win>, <jbb25.win>, <jbb27.win>, <jbb29.win>, <jbb31.win>, <jbb33.win>, <jbb34.win>, <jbb40.win>, <jbb41.win>, <jbb43.win>, <jbb44.win>, <jbb54.win>, <jbb55.win>, <jbb61.win>, <jbb64.win>, <jbb74.win>, <jbb79.win>, <jbb81.win>, <jbb82.win>, <jbb87.win>, <jbb91.win>, <jbb92.win>, <jbb96.win>, <jbb120.win>, <jbb200.win>, <jbb222.win>, <jbb300.win>, <jbb400.win>, <jbb600.win>, <jbb700.win>, <jbb001.cc>, <jbb007.cc>, <jbb11.cc>, <jbb13.cc>, <jbb14.cc>, <jbb15.cc>, <jbb17.cc>, <jbb19.cc>, <jbb21.cc>, <jbb22.cc>, <jbb23.cc>, <jbb24.cc>, <jbb25.cc>, <jbb27.cc>, <jbb29.cc>, <jbb31.cc>, <jbb32.cc>, <jbb33.cc>, <jbb34.cc>, <jbb40.cc>, <jbb41.cc>, <jbb42.cc>, <jbb43.cc>, <jbb44.cc>, <jbb45.cc>, <jbb46.cc>, <jbb49.cc>, <jbb54.cc>, <jbb61.cc>, <jbb64.cc>, <jbb67.cc>, <jbb71.cc>, <jbb73.cc>, <jbb75.cc>, <jbb76.cc>, <jbb79.cc>, <jbb82.cc>, <jbb83.cc>, <jbb84.cc>, <jbb85.cc>, <jbb87.cc>, <jbb91.cc>, <jbb92.cc>, <jbb93.cc>, <jbb94.cc>, <jbb95.cc>, <jbb96.cc>, <jbb97.cc>, <jbb120.cc>, <jbb200.cc>, <jbb222.cc>, <jbb300.cc>, <jbb400.cc>, <jbb600.cc>, <jbb700.cc>, <jbb988.cc>, <jbb11.info>, <jbb13.info>, <jbb22.info>, <jbb25.info>, <jbb27.info>, <jbb33.info>, <jbb34.info>, <jbb40.info>, <jbb44.info>, <jbb54.info>, <jbb55.info>, <jbb61.info>, <jbb64.info>, <jbb74.info>, <jbb79.info>, <jbb81.info>, <jbb91.info>, <jbb96.info>, <jbb120.info>, <jbb200.info>, <jbb300.info>, <jbb400.info>, <jbb600.info>, <jbb700.info>, <jbb001.net>, <jbb007.net>, <jbb13.net>, <jbb14.net>, <jbb15.net>, <jbb17.net>, <jbb19.net>, <jbb21.net>, <jbb23.net>, <jbb24.net>, <jbb25.net>, <jbb27.net>, <jbb29.net>, <jbb31.net>, <jbb32.net>, <jbb34.net>, <jbb35.net>, <jbb41.net>, <jbb42.net>, <jbb43.net>, <jbb45.net>, <jbb46.net>, <jbb47.net>, <jbb49.net>, <jbb61.net>, <jbb67.net>, <jbb71.net>, <jbb72.net>, <jbb73.net>, <jbb74.net>, <jbb75.net>, <jbb76.net>, <jbb79.net>, <jbb81.net>, <jbb82.net>, <jbb83.net>, <jbb84.net>, <jbb85.net>, <jbb87.net>, <jbb91.net>, <jbb92.net>, <jbb93.net>, <jbb94.net>, <jbb95.net>, <jbb96.net>, <jbb97.net>, <jbb200.net>, <jbb300.net>, <jbb301.net>, <jbb302.net>, <jbb303.net>, <jbb304.net>, <jbb305.net>, <jbb306.net>, <jbb307.net>, <jbb308.net>, <jbb309.net>, <jbb400.net>, <jbb600.net>, <jbb700.net>, <jbb900.net>, <jbb901.net>, <jbb902.net>, <jbb903.net>, <jbb904.net>, <jbb905.net>, <jbb906.net>, <jbb907.net>, <jbb908.net>, <jbb909.net>, <jbb08.org>, <jbb61.org>, <jbb33.bid>, <jbb15.top>, <jbb23.top>, <jbb24.top>, <jbb29.top>, <jbb31.top>, <jbb41.top>, <jbb43.top>, <jbb82.top>, <jbb87.top>, <jbb11.xyz>, <jbb15.xyz>, <jbb22.xyz>, <jbb23.xyz>, <jbb24.xyz>, <jbb29.xyz>, <jbb31.xyz>, <jbb41.xyz>, <jbb43.xyz>, <jbb44.xyz>, <jbb55.xyz>, <jbb61.xyz>, <jbb82.xyz>, <jbb92.xyz>, <jbbvip.cc>, <jbb188.com>, <jbb188.win>, <188jbb.cc>, <188jbb88.com> and <949188.com> are registered with NameSilo, LLC (the “NameSilo Domain Names”).
The disputed domain names:
<188001.com>, <188003.com>, <1880019.com>, <1880102.com>, <1880103.com>, <1880104.com>, <1880105.com>, <1880106.com>, <1880107.com>, <1880109.com>, <1880110.com>, <1880201.com>, <1880203.com>, <1880204.com>, <1880205.com>, <1880206.com>, <1880207.com>, <1880209.com>, <188752.com>, <188804.com>, <188934.com>, <188004.net>, <188934.net>, <188-jinbaobo.com>, <188a188.com>, <188b188.com>, <188ball.com>, <188c188.com>, <188d188.com>, <188game8.com>, <188duchang.com>, <188ducheng.com>, <188e188.com>, <188g188.com>, <188jinbaobo666.com>, <188star.com>, <188zz.com>, <188a188.net>, <188b188.net>, <188c188.net>, <188d188.net>, <188duchang.net>, <188ducheng.net>, <188e188.net>, <188f188.net>, <188fifa.net>, <188g188.net>, <188gg.net>, <188gj.net>, <188gouji.net>, <188zz.net>, <188fifa.cc>, <188fun.co>, <188star.cc>, <jbb08.com>, <jbb33.com>, <jbb40.com>, <jbb50.com>, <jbb52.com>, <jbb53.com>, <jbb54.com>, <jbb57.com>, <jbb58.com>, <jbb59.com>, <jbb60.com>, <jbb62.com>, <jbb63.com>, <jbb64.com>, <jbb65.com>, <jbb70.com>, <jbb86.com>, <jbb200.com>, <jbb300.com>, <jbb301.com>, <jbb302.com>, <jbb303.com>, <jbb304.com>, <jbb305.com>, <jbb306.com>, <jbb307.com>, <jbb308.com>, <jbb309.com>, <jbb400.com>, <jbb500.com>, <jbb501.com>, <jbb502.com>, <jbb503.com>, <jbb504.com>, <jbb505.com>, <jbb506.com>, <jbb507.com>, <jbb508.com>, <jbb509.com>, <jbb600.com>, <jbb700.com>, <jbb900.com>, <jbb901.com>, <jbb902.com>, <jbb903.com>, <jbb904.com>, <jbb905.com>, <jbb906.com>, <jbb907.com>, <jbb908.com>, <jbb909.com>, <jbb08.net>, <jbb11.net>, <jbb22.net>, <jbb33.net>, <jbb40.net>, <jbb44.net>, <jbb52.net>, <jbb53.net>, <jbb54.net>, <jbb55.net>, <jbb57.net>, <jbb58.net>, <jbb60.net>, <jbb62.net>, <jbb63.net>, <jbb64.net>, <jbb65.net>, <jbb70.net>, <jbb99.net>, <jbb120.net>, <jbb301.cc>, <jbb302.cc>, <jbb303.cc>, <jbb304.cc>, <jbb305.cc>, <jbb306.cc>, <jbb307.cc>, <jbb308.cc>, <jbb309.cc>, <jbb08.cc>, <jbbvip.com> and <188f188.com> are registered with Dynadot, LLC (the “Dynadot Domain Names”).
(NameSilo, LLC and Dynadot, LLC are each a “Registrar” and collectively the “Registrars”).
3. Procedural History
The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the “Center”) on November 26, 2019. On November 26, 2019, the Center transmitted by email to the Registrars a request for registrar verification in connection with the disputed domain names. On November 27, 2019, the Registrar NameSilo LLC transmitted by email to the Center its verification response disclosing registrant and contact information for the disputed domain names which differed from the named Respondent and contact information in the Complaint. On November 27, 2019 and December 11, 2019, the Registrar Dynadot, LLC transmitted by email to the Center its verification response confirming the Respondent is the registrant and providing the contact details. On December 13, 2019, the Center received two email communications from an unidentified third party. The Center sent an email communication to the Complainant on December 19, 2019, providing the registrant and contact information disclosed by the Registrar, and inviting the Complainant to submit an amendment to the Complaint. The Complainant filed an amended Complaint on December 23, 2019. On January 16, 2020, the Center sent a request for clarification to the Complainant, to which the Complainant responded via email on January 16, 2020.
The Center verified that the Complaint together with the amended Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Policy” or “UDRP”), the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Rules”), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Supplemental Rules”).
In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2 and 4, the Center formally notified the Respondent of the Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on January 17, 2020. In accordance with the Rules, paragraph 5, the due date for Response was February 6, 2020. No Response was received by the Center.
The Center appointed Evan D. Brown as the sole panelist in this matter on February 10, 2020. The Panel finds that it was properly constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the Rules, paragraph 7.
4. Factual Background
The Complainant provides a range of betting products and services. It also specializes in live and traditional casino entertainment services online. The Complainant has a significant global customer base. The majority of the Complainant’s customers are based in Asia, where, the Complainant asserts, the Complainant’s trademarks and brand are recognized.
The Complainant owns the trademarks 188 and 188BET, which it has used in connection with its products and services since 2005. It has obtained registrations for word marks and device marks containing these elements in many jurisdictions around the world, including registrations in the European Union for the word marks 188 and 188BET, which are subject to EU Registration Nos. EU008390379 and EU008425324, respectively (both registered March 22, 2010). The Complainant also owns the word marks JBB and JBBBET, which are subject to UK Registration Nos. UK00003421782 and UK00003421785, respectively (both registered on November 15, 2019).
The origins of the JBB mark require some elaboration. The Complainant states that the mark 188BET translated into traditional or simplified Chinese script characters, is “188金寶博” and/or “188金宝博”. This can be translated as “188Jīnbǎo bó” in words, or “188JBB” as an acronym for short. The Complainant has provided evidence (screenshots from the Wayback Machine) from at least as early as June 30, 2011 showing use of the mark 188金宝博 in connection with the Complainant’s products and services. (Hereinafter, references to the marks using script letters will be to the “Translated Mark”.)
All of the disputed domain names were registered between October 27, 2011 and September 20, 2019. Many of the disputed domain names were registered on the same day or in close proximity – 126 were registered on two separate days, 62 were registered on May 18, 2017 and 64 were registered on November 2, 2017.
As of the date of the original Complaint, each of the disputed domain names directed to active betting or gaming websites that displayed:
(i) the Complainant’s 188 and 188BET trademarks, as well as the Complainant’s logo and associated branding (e.g. the look and feel of the Complainant’s official, authorized website or earlier versions thereof);
(ii) the Translated Mark;
(iii) the same popup advertisement that displays the Translated Mark;
(iv) the Complainant’s name and previous company address;
(v) the logo of the betting/gaming licensing authority that regulates the Complainant; and
(vi) the logos of two EPL football clubs with whom the Complainant has been associated through sponsoring.
5. Parties’ Contentions
A. Complainant
The Complainant contends that the disputed domain names are identical or confusingly similar to the Complainant’s trademarks; that the Respondents have no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the disputed domain names; and that the disputed domain names were registered and are being used in bad faith.
B. Respondent
The Respondents did not file a Response.
6. Discussion and Findings
To succeed, the Complainant must demonstrate that all of the elements listed in paragraph 4(a) of the Policy have been satisfied: (i) the disputed domain names are identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the Complainant has rights; (ii) the Respondents have no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the disputed domain names; and (iii) the disputed domain names have been registered and are being used in bad faith. All three of these elements are discussed below.
A. Consolidation
Before getting into the substantive elements under the Policy, it is appropriate to address the consolidation of the Respondents. Five different Respondents each hold a portion of the set of disputed domain names. The Complainant argues the Respondents should be consolidated into this one case because the standards set out in section 4.11.2 of the WIPO Overview of WIPO Panel Views on Selected UDRP Questions, Third Edition (“WIPO Overview 3.0”) are met. That provision advises that one complainant may bring a single complaint against multiple respondents when the disputed domain names or websites to which they resolve are subject to common control, and the consolidation would be fair and equitable to all parties. The Complainant has put forth commendable detail supporting consolidation in this case, comprised of the following:
(i) There are similarities and patterns among the disputed domain names.
(ii) All the websites found at the disputed domain names have the same content, namely, they all share the same design, graphics, layout, text, favicons, set of games, pop-up advertisements and footer information about the site’s ownership.
(iii) There are similarities among the nature of the marks at issue, and among how the Respondents have targeted the specific sector in which the Complainant has done business since 2005.
(iv) As of the date of the original Complaint, 121 of the 496 disputed domain names automatically redirected Internet users to the same website, www.JBB222.cc, which is one of the disputed domain names.
(v) The large set of disputed domain names is associated with a relatively small set of IP addresses – all 496 of them direct to one of eight IP addresses.
(vi) The Respondents exhibit many common behaviors, including:
– Using one of two privacy services;
– Being all located in the same territory in China;
– Patterns and themes of behavior: of the five registrants, four used the same privacy service provided by NameSilo and one of these registered 349 of the NameSilo Domain Names; all of the other three responsible for registering the remaining 10 NameSilo Domain Names used “gmail.com” email addresses, two in strikingly similar formats (hzb[…]@gmail.com and hzbh[…]@gmail.com), and the other relating to a domain (<jbb22.com>) which is not only strikingly similar to those registered by other Gmail‑using registrants (e.g. <jbb222.com>) but which also resolves to sites at <188015.cc> and <188188300.net>, hosting the same content;
– All 137 Dynadot Domain Names use the same service (Super Privacy Service) and are linked to some 124 “superprivacyservice.com” email addresses; and
– Since submission of the original Complaint on November 26, 2019, common and apparently coordinated efforts have been made to change the Internet service providers for the disputed domain names, using a limited number of new hosting companies in territories outside of the United States and European Union.In the circumstances, noting the infringing content common to all the websites, and also the many common behaviors suggesting a large-scale effort to escape detection or liability, the Complainant argues it would be fair and equitable to all parties to have the disputed domain names dealt with under one Complaint. The Complainant also argues that in these circumstances, it would be procedurally more efficient for the Panel to consider the disputed domain names as part of one Complaint, rather than multiple complaints.
The Panel agrees with the Complainant’s arguments in favor of consolidation and orders that all 496 of the disputed domain names be subject to disposition in this case.
B. Identical or Confusingly Similar
This element requires the Panel to consider two issues: first, whether the Complainant has rights in any relevant marks; and, second, whether the disputed domain names are identical or confusingly similar to those marks. The incorporation of a trademark in its entirety is sufficient to establish that a domain name is identical or confusingly similar to the complainant’s registered mark. See Britannia Building Society v. Britannia Fraud Prevention, WIPO Case No. D2001-0505.
The Complainant has established rights in the marks 188, 188BET, JBB, and JBBBET based on the Complainant’s use of those marks as well as trademark registrations in various jurisdictions around the world. Every one of the disputed domain names is comprised of at least one of these marks in its entirety. None of the additional words or numbers found in any of these disputed domains avoids the confusing similarity. The Complainant has established this first element under the Policy.
C. Rights or Legitimate Interests
The Complainant will succeed under this second element of the Policy if it establishes, prima facie, that the Respondents lack rights or legitimate interests under the Policy. The Complainant has made that showing and the Respondents have not overcome it. The following facts establish the Complainant’s prima facie case:
– Each of the disputed domain names point to websites purporting to be operated by the Complainant when in fact they are not;
– These websites use the Complainant’s trademarks without permission;
– The Respondents are neither licensees of the Complainant nor do they have any connection or affiliation with the Complainant for the use of its trademarks or logos;
– The Respondents have no rights to use the Complainant’s trademarks (or confusingly similar trademarks) in the disputed domain names, and have not received any consent, express or implied, to do so;
– The Respondents do not, to the best of the Complainant’s knowledge after a reasonable search of relevant registers, own any registered rights that are identical or confusingly similar to the Complainant’s trademarks;
– The Respondents are not providing their own bona fide goods or services under their own trademarks but rather they are seeking to confuse Internet users into thinking each website is owned by or affiliated with the Complainant and hence are seeking to fraudulently trade off goodwill attaching to the Complainant’s trademarks;
– The websites accessible at the disputed domain names do not direct Internet traffic to the Complainant’s website, but seek advantage from the goodwill and reputation in the Complainant’s trademarks for commercial gain by directing Internet users to pages for counterfeit services competing with those of the Complainant which have no affiliation, connection, sponsorship, approval, or association with it;
– The Respondents are not making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the disputed domain names, without intent for commercial gain, but are using the disputed domain names to deliberately mislead or divert Internet users from the Complainant’s website, or to tarnish the Complainant’s trademarks, brand and business; and
– The Respondents are not commonly known by the disputed domain names and the registration and use of the disputed domain names containing the Complainant’s trademarks took place without the consent of the Complainant.
The Complainant has successfully established this second element under the Policy.
D. Registered and Used in Bad Faith
Paragraph 4(b) of the Policy states that any of the following circumstances, in particular but without limitation, shall be considered evidence of the registration and use of a domain name in bad faith:
(i) circumstances indicating that the respondent registered or acquired the domain name primarily for the purpose of selling, renting, or otherwise transferring the domain name registration to the complainant (the owner of the trademark or service mark) or to a competitor of that complainant, for valuable consideration in excess of the respondent’s documented out-of-pocket costs directly related to the domain name; or
(ii) circumstances indicating that the respondent registered the domain name in order to prevent the owner of the trademark or service mark from reflecting the mark in a corresponding domain name, provided that the respondent has engaged in a pattern of such conduct; or
(iii) circumstances indicating that the respondent registered the domain name primarily for the purpose of disrupting the business of a competitor; or
(iv) circumstances indicating that the respondent is using the domain name to intentionally attempt to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to its website or other online location, by creating a likelihood of confusion with the complainant’s mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of the respondent’s website or location or of a product or service on its website or location.
The examples of bad faith registration and use set forth in paragraph 4(b) of the Policy are not meant to be exhaustive of all circumstances from which such bad faith may be found. VF Corporation v. Vogt Debra, WIPO Case No. D2016-2650. The overriding objective of the Policy is to curb the abusive registration of domain names in circumstances where the registrant seeks to profit from and exploit the trademark of another. Match.com, LP v. Bill Zag and NWLAWS.ORG, WIPO Case No. D2004-0230.
The record shows that the Respondents registered the disputed domain names before the Complainant obtained its registrations (in the UK) for the marks JBB and JBBBET. Where a respondent registers a domain name before the complainant’s trademark rights accrue, panels will not normally find bad faith on the part of the respondent. WIPO Overview 3.0, section 3.8.1. Nothing in the record demonstrates the Complainant’s use of either the JBB or JBBBET marks prior to registration of the disputed domain names. So the finding of accrued trademark rights that support a conclusion of bad faith registration and use merits an explanation.
The circumstances of this case, in their entirety, demonstrate in a number of ways that the Respondents targeted the Complainant’s products and services when they registered and used the disputed domain names in a manner that constitutes bad faith registration and use under the Policy. First, the content of all the websites at the disputed domain names is the same, and that content demonstrates an intentional, orchestrated effort to trade off the goodwill of the Complainant’s marks for commercial purposes. Second, the Panel credits the Complainant’s assertions that the Translated Marks – JBB and JBBBET – have taken on a reality tied to the phonetic pronunciation of “188金寶博” and/or “188金宝博”. One can reasonably look at (or say) “188Jīnbǎo bó” as pronounced and arrive at “188JBB” as an acronym. Third, it is clear that the Respondents had JBB and JBBBET asmarks in mind when they registered the disputed domain names and used them to publish the same kind of content across all the disputed domain names. Such content bears on the Panel’s assessment hereunder of the third UDRP element, namely, on whether there was an intent to create user confusion. See WIPO Overview 3.0, section 1.15. Looking at the circumstances as a whole, the intent to create user confusion is clear.
For the reasons discussed under this and the preceding headings, the Panel considers that the Respondents’ conduct in this case constitutes bad faith registration and use of the disputed domain names within the meaning of paragraph 4(a)(iii) of the Policy. It is clear from the relevant circumstances that the Respondents were well aware of the Complainant and had the Complainant’s marks in mind when registering the disputed domain names. The record convincingly demonstrates that the Respondents’ primary motive in relation to the registration and use of the disputed domain names was to capitalize on or otherwise take advantage of the Complainant’s trademark rights, through the creation of user confusion. In view of all of the foregoing, the Panel concludes that the Respondents registered and have used the disputed domain names in bad faith under paragraph 4(b)(iv) of the Policy, to intentionally attract Internet users to the websites for commercial gain, by creating a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant’s marks as to source, sponsorship or affiliation. See Edmunds.com, Inc. v. Ult. Search Inc., WIPO Case No. D2001‑1319.
Accordingly, the Panel finds that the Complainant has satisfied the requirements of the third element of the Policy.
7. Decision
For the foregoing reasons, in accordance with paragraphs 4(i) of the Policy and 15 of the Rules, the Panel orders that the disputed domain names:
<am188.com>, <a188188.com>, <ball188.com>, <betjbb.com>, <ee188.com>, <jbbvip.cc>, <jbbvip.com>, <jbb001.cc>, <jbb001.com>, <jbb001.net>, <jbb002.com>, <jbb003.com>, <jbb007.cc>, <jbb007.com>, <jbb007.net>, <jbb08.cc>, <jbb08.com>, <jbb08.net>, <jbb08.org>, <jbb08.win>, <jbb1000.com>, <jbb11.cc>, <jbb11.com>, <jbb11.info>, <jbb11.net>, <jbb11.win>, <jbb11.xyz>, <jbb120.cc>, <jbb120.com>, <jbb120.info>, <jbb120.net>, <jbb120.win>, <jbb13.cc>, <jbb13.com>, <jbb13.info>, <jbb13.net>, <jbb14.cc>, <jbb14.com>, <jbb14.net>, <jbb15.cc>, <jbb15.com>, <jbb15.net>, <jbb15.top>, <jbb15.win>, <jbb15.xyz>, <jbb17.cc>, <jbb17.com>, <jbb17.net>, <jbb188.com>, <jbb188.win>, <jbb19.cc>, <jbb19.com>, <jbb19.net>, <jbb200.cc>, <jbb200.com>, <jbb200.info>, <jbb200.net>, <jbb200.win>, <jbb21.cc>, <jbb21.com>, <jbb21.net>, <jbb22.cc>, <jbb22.com>, <jbb22.info>, <jbb22.net>, <jbb22.win>, <jbb22.xyz>, <jbb222.cc>, <jbb222.com>, <jbb222.win>, <jbb23.cc>, <jbb23.com>, <jbb23.net>, <jbb23.top>, <jbb23.win>, <jbb23.xyz>, <jbb24.cc>, <jbb24.com>, <jbb24.net>, <jbb24.top>, <jbb24.win>, <jbb24.xyz>, <jbb25.cc>, <jbb25.com>, <jbb25.info>, <jbb25.net>, <jbb25.win>, <jbb27.cc>, <jbb27.com>, <jbb27.info>, <jbb27.net>, <jbb27.win>, <jbb29.cc>, <jbb29.com>, <jbb29.net>, <jbb29.top>, <jbb29.win>, <jbb29.xyz>, <jbb300.cc>, <jbb300.com>, <jbb300.info>, <jbb300.net>, <jbb300.win>, <jbb301.cc>, <jbb301.com>, <jbb301.net>, <jbb302.cc>, <jbb302.com>, <jbb302.net>, <jbb303.cc>, <jbb303.com>, <jbb303.net>, <jbb304.cc>, <jbb304.com>, <jbb304.net>, <jbb305.cc>, <jbb305.com>, <jbb305.net>, <jbb306.cc>, <jbb306.com>, <jbb306.net>, <jbb307.cc>, <jbb307.com>, <jbb307.net>, <jbb308.cc>, <jbb308.com>, <jbb308.net>, <jbb309.cc>, <jbb309.com>, <jbb309.net>, <jbb31.cc>, <jbb31.com>, <jbb31.net>, <jbb31.top>, <jbb31.win>, <jbb31.xyz>, <jbb32.cc>, <jbb32.com>, <jbb32.net>, <jbb33.bid>, <jbb33.cc>, <jbb33.com>, <jbb33.info>, <jbb33.net>, <jbb33.win>, <jbb34.cc>, <jbb34.com>, <jbb34.info>, <jbb34.net>, <jbb34.win>, <jbb35.com>, <jbb35.net>, <jbb40.cc>, <jbb40.com>, <jbb40.info>, <jbb40.net>, <jbb40.win>, <jbb400.cc>, <jbb400.com>, <jbb400.info>, <jbb400.net>, <jbb400.win>, <jbb41.cc>, <jbb41.com>, <jbb41.net>, <jbb41.top>, <jbb41.win>, <jbb41.xyz>, <jbb42.cc>, <jbb42.com>, <jbb42.net>, <jbb43.cc>, <jbb43.com>, <jbb43.net>, <jbb43.top>, <jbb43.win>, <jbb43.xyz>, <jbb44.cc>, <jbb44.com>, <jbb44.info>, <jbb44.net>, <jbb44.win>, <jbb44.xyz>, <jbb45.cc>, <jbb45.com>, <jbb45.net>, <jbb46.cc>, <jbb46.com>, <jbb46.net>, <jbb47.com>, <jbb47.net>, <jbb49.cc>, <jbb49.com>, <jbb49.net>, <jbb50.com>, <jbb500.com>, <jbb501.com>, <jbb502.com>, <jbb503.com>, <jbb504.com>, <jbb505.com>, <jbb506.com>, <jbb507.com>, <jbb508.com>, <jbb509.com>, <jbb52.com>, <jbb52.net>, <jbb53.com>, <jbb53.net>, <jbb54.cc>, <jbb54.com>, <jbb54.info>, <jbb54.net>, <jbb54.win>, <jbb55.com>, <jbb55.info>, <jbb55.net>, <jbb55.win>, <jbb55.xyz>, <jbb57.com>, <jbb57.net>, <jbb58.com>, <jbb58.net>, <jbb59.com>, <jbb60.com>, <jbb60.net>, <jbb600.cc>, <jbb600.com>, <jbb600.info>, <jbb600.net>, <jbb600.win>, <jbb61.cc>, <jbb61.com>, <jbb61.info>, <jbb61.net>, <jbb61.org>, <jbb61.win>, <jbb61.xyz>, <jbb62.com>, <jbb62.net>, <jbb63.com>, <jbb63.net>, <jbb64.cc>, <jbb64.com>, <jbb64.info>, <jbb64.net>, <jbb64.win>, <jbb65.com>, <jbb65.net>, <jbb67.cc>, <jbb67.com>, <jbb67.net>, <jbb70.com>, <jbb70.net>, <jbb700.cc>, <jbb700.com>, <jbb700.info>, <jbb700.net>, <jbb700.win>, <jbb71.cc>, <jbb71.com>, <jbb71.net>, <jbb72.com>, <jbb72.net>, <jbb73.cc>, <jbb73.com>, <jbb73.net>, <jbb74.com>, <jbb74.info>, <jbb74.net>, <jbb74.win>, <jbb75.cc>, <jbb75.com>, <jbb75.net>, <jbb76.cc>, <jbb76.com>, <jbb76.net>, <jbb79.cc>, <jbb79.com>, <jbb79.info>, <jbb79.net>, <jbb79.win>, <jbb81.com>, <jbb81.info>, <jbb81.net>, <jbb81.win>, <jbb82.cc>, <jbb82.com>, <jbb82.net>, <jbb82.top>, <jbb82.win>, <jbb82.xyz>, <jbb83.cc>, <jbb83.com>, <jbb83.net>, <jbb84.cc>, <jbb84.com>, <jbb84.net>, <jbb85.cc>, <jbb85.com>, <jbb85.net>, <jbb86.com>, <jbb87.cc>, <jbb87.com>, <jbb87.net>, <jbb87.top>, <jbb87.win>, <jbb900.com>, <jbb900.net>, <jbb901.com>, <jbb901.net>, <jbb902.com>, <jbb902.net>, <jbb903.com>, <jbb903.net>, <jbb904.com>, <jbb904.net>, <jbb905.com>, <jbb905.net>, <jbb906.com>, <jbb906.net>, <jbb907.com>, <jbb907.net>, <jbb908.com>, <jbb908.net>, <jbb909.com>, <jbb909.net>, <jbb91.cc>, <jbb91.com>, <jbb91.info>, <jbb91.net>, <jbb91.win>, <jbb92.cc>, <jbb92.com>, <jbb92.net>, <jbb92.win>, <jbb92.xyz>, <jbb93.cc>, <jbb93.com>, <jbb93.net>, <jbb94.cc>, <jbb94.com>, <jbb94.net>, <jbb95.cc>, <jbb95.com>, <jbb95.net>, <jbb96.cc>, <jbb96.com>, <jbb96.info>, <jbb96.net>, <jbb96.win>, <jbb97.cc>, <jbb97.com>, <jbb97.net>, <jbb988.cc>, <jbb988.com>, <jbb99.com>, <jbb99.net>, <z188.net>, <188aa.cc>, <188aa.net>, <188abet.com>, <188auto.com>, <188a188.com>, <188a188.net>, <188ball.com>, <188ball.net>, <188balls.com>, <188bbb.com>, <188betb.com>, <188beter.com>, <188betgw.com>, <188beting.com>, <188betj.com>, <188betq.com>, <188betv.com>, <188betzq.com>, <188bet1.com>, <188bet2.com>, <188bet685.com>, <188b188.com>, <188b188.net>, <188city.com>, <188c188.com>, <188c188.net>, <188daili.com>, <188ddd.com>, <188detk.com>, <188duchang.com>, <188duchang.net>, <188ducheng.com>, <188ducheng.net>, <188d188.com>, <188d188.net>, <188e188.com>, <188e188.net>, <188fff.com>, <188fifa.cc>, <188fifa.com>, <188fifa.net>, <188fun.co>, <188f188.com>, <188f188.net>, <188gameapp.com>, <188game8.com>, <188gg.com>, <188gg.net>, <188gj.com>, <188gj.net>, <188gouji.com>, <188gouji.net>, <188group.com>, <188guoji.com>, <188g188.com>, <188g188.net>, <188hh.club>, <188hh.net>, <188i.cc>, <188ii.com>, <188i.net>, <188jbb.cc>, <188jbb88.com>, <188-jinbaobo.com>, <188jinbaobo666.com>, <188jituan.com>, <188oo.com>, <188sportbet.com>, <188star.cc>, <188star.com>, <188tw.com>, <188vv.com>, <188wap.com>, <188win.cc>, <188zz.com>, <188zz.net>, <188001.cc>, <188001.com>, <188001.net>, <1880019.com>, <188002.cc>, <188002.com>, <188002.net>, <188003.com>, <188003.info>, <188004.net>, <188008.net>, <1880101.com>, <1880102.com>, <1880103.com>, <1880104.com>, <1880105.com>, <1880106.com>, <1880107.com>, <1880109.com>, <1880110.com>, <188013.com>, <188013.net>, <188015.com>, <188015.net>, <188019.com>, <1880201.com>, <1880203.com>, <1880204.com>, <1880205.com>, <1880206.com>, <1880207.com>, <1880209.com>, <188044.com>, <188055.com>, <188079.com>, <188154.com>, <188188b.com>, <188348.com>, <188348.net>, <188540.com>, <188570.com>, <188690.cc>, <188690.com>, <188720.cc>, <188720.com>, <188720.net>, <188730.cc>, <188730.com>, <188730.net>, <188750.com>, <188752.com>, <188772.cc>, <188772.com>, <188772.net>, <188804.com>, <188934.cc>, <188934.com>, <188934.net>, <5i188.com>, <50188.net>, and <949188.com> be transferred to the Complainant.
Evan D. Brown
Sole Panelist
Date: February 18, 2020
